Nutrition and immunity during COVID-19 pandemic

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

6 Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK

Abstract

Introduction: After the influenza pandemic since 1918, the world is experiencing another viral challenge by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). One of the most important strategies is to enhance the immune system.
Results: Having an optimal nutritional behavior, following a balanced dietary pattern is essential for immune enhancement and reduce the risk of infectivity. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is hypothesized as one of the main causes of inflammation and consequently, lung damage in this viral infection. Undernutrition or overnutrition as the result of nutritional status can affect the immune system. Multivitamin and Minerals (MVM) intake can be beneficial in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, having a regular diet with the priority of healthy food portions can supply all daily requirements.
Conclusion: According to the WHO recommendations for consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and also diets which have been hypothesized as an immune enhancer, the Mediterranean diet may involve all nutrients needed for improvement of the immune system.

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