Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine

Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine

Lymph Node and Bone Marrow Micro-Metastasis in Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Ali Esparham 1
Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi Javaheri 2
Sara Saffar Soflaei 3, 4
Gordon A. Ferns 5
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan 3, 4
Maryam Saberi-Karimian 3, 4
Reza Bagheri 6
1 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK.
6 Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/jctm.2024.82376.1471
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, due to the high frequency of early metastatic disease. In the past, the presence of metastasis was examined based on histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. A high percentage of patients experience recurrence after metastasectomy. Recurrence could be due to the presence of micro-metastasis (MM), which could be detected at sites such as lymph nodes or bone marrow using RT-PCR or immune-histochemical staining. Previous studies have reported inconsistent results with respect to the clinical significance of MM, its impact on survival, and how it is affected by chemotherapy. In this study, we reviewed the (1) clinical significance of MM, (2) methods of detection, (3) sites of occurrence, (4) the mechanism associated with MM, and (5) the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with EC.
Keywords
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Micro-Metastasis
Lymph node, Bone marrow
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Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 3
Summer 2024
Pages 1361-1373